Yasamin Bahri; hossein Moravej
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 183-199
Abstract
Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is ...
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Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is one of the nutritional strategies to confront aflatoxins.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of adding multi-component toxin binder to diets containing aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood parameters, and liver histology by using 180 male broilers day-olds (Ross 308) in a factorial experiment (3×3), with three levels of toxin binder (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg/ton) and three levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) were studied based on a completely randomized design in nine treatments, four replications, and five chickens in each replicate.
Results: The results showed that using the 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder, significantly reduced negative effects of 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 on the average daily weight gain, live weight and average daily feed intake in the total period (P<0.05). But the birds consuming the treatment containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder did not show a significant difference, in the average feed conversion ratio compared to all treatments except the treatment that containing 0.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 kg/ton of toxin binder. The regression equation (Y= 7.5298x+ 53.377) with (R2= 0.78), was obtained to predict the average daily weight gain of birds fed with treatments containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and different levels of toxin binder. Feeding chickens with diets containing aflatoxin B1, significantly decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol, albumin, and total protein and increased serum concentration of creatinine and urea (P<0.05). In addition, there were not significant effects for the main and interaction of aflatoxin B1 and toxin binder for the blood serum alkaline phosphatase. For liver histological results, portal inflammation was evident in all treatments, but the amount of fibrosis and necrosis was higher in treatments with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 than 0.0 level of its, and in the liver of birds fed with the highest level of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 mg/kg), micro and macro lipid vesicles were observed, which indicates a fatty liver. Also, some hepatocytes lost their cytoplasm due to the storage of a type of glycogen and in some parts, a proliferation of fibroblasts with fine collagen fibers deposition, was observed. The toxin binder did not prevent of the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on the destruction of liver tissue.
Conclusion: Based on the results, adding 1.0 kg/ton level of multi-component toxin binder to diets containing 0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 can improve the average daily weight gain, live weight, and average daily feed intake of broilers.
Saber Motamedi Veshare; hossein Moravej; Maziar Mohity Asli
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 341-353
Abstract
The effect of the type of fat and different levels of betonies in the diet on production and quality indicators of feed (pellet) was investigated by using a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications. The experimental treatments included the combination of 0 and 1.5% crude ...
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The effect of the type of fat and different levels of betonies in the diet on production and quality indicators of feed (pellet) was investigated by using a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four replications. The experimental treatments included the combination of 0 and 1.5% crude soybean oil and calcium fat powder with three levels of betonies (0, 1 and, 2%). The measured indicators include the efficiency of the pellet press machine (electricity consumption, production rate per unit of time and dry matter of the final product), qualitative indicators of pellet after production (strength and hardness) and the percentage of intact pellets after feeder plats and lines in the poultry farm environment. The use of fat in the feed reduced the amount of electricity consumption and improved the production rate per unit of time and dry matter percentage of the final product compared to non-fat treatments. In this case, the production rate per unit of time in the fat powder treatment with 2% bentonite was higher than other treatments (P< 0.05). The pellet durability index that was evaluated by tumbling method in fat powder treatment without bentonite was higher than other experimental treatments (P<0.05). In addition, the percentage of intact pellets after auto feeder lines was higher in fat-containing treatments, particularly fat powder treatment without bentonite, than other treatments (P<0.05). The highest correlation coefficient between the percentage of intact pellets and the pellet durability index was related to the Tumbling method in auto feeder lines. Based on the results of the present experiment, using fat powder instead of oil in pellet feed and adding one percent of bentonite to the diet improves the pellet quality and its production performance indicators in the factory.
Farzaneh Sattari najaf abadi; Ardeshir Mohit; hossein Moravej; navid Ghavi Hosien-Zadeh; hassan darmani koohi; meisam tavakoli
Volume 23, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 97-107
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two types of omega-3 calcium fat powders with animal and vegetable origin on productive performance, reproductive and egg quality of broiler breeder hens by using 60 hens and 20 roosters (65 weeks), in a completely randomized design with ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two types of omega-3 calcium fat powders with animal and vegetable origin on productive performance, reproductive and egg quality of broiler breeder hens by using 60 hens and 20 roosters (65 weeks), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates for two months. Experimental treatments were: 1- control (without fat powder); 2- 1.5% animal omega-3 calcium fat powder based on fish oil; 3- 3% animal omega-3 calcium fat powder based on fish oil; 4- 1.5% vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder based on flaxseed oil; 5- 3% vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder based on flaxseed oil. Egg production percentage and economic benefit of hens fed with diets containing 1.5% animal and vegetable fat powders were greater than hens that received 3% of them (p<0.05). The highest concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid and docosahepanthanoic acid were in eggs of hens fed with diet containing 3% animal and vegetable fat powder and thelowest concentration of linolenic acid was in the yolk of eggs obtained from control hens or hens fed with diet containing 1.5% animal fat powder (P<0.05). The lowest percentage of hatchability and the highest omega-6: omega-3 ratio were related to hens received control diet (P<0.05). Based on current results, adding animal or vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder at the level of 1.5% in old broiler breeder hen’s diet, without negative effect on performance, improve hatchability and yolk fatty acid composition and is economically more affordable.
Seid Mohammad Reza Ijadi; hossein Moravej; Mahmood shivazad; Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 589-599
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the regression equations based on chemical analyses for predicting apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) with nine soybean oil samples available in Iran’s market. Soybean meal AMEn was measured by replacement method with broilers ...
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This study was conducted to determine the regression equations based on chemical analyses for predicting apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) with nine soybean oil samples available in Iran’s market. Soybean meal AMEn was measured by replacement method with broilers in starter (seven to d 10), grower (21 to d 24) and finisher (31 to d 34) periods through acid insoluble ash marker. The results of current study demonstrated that there are significant difference between chemical analyses data and also biologically determined AMEn of soybean samples available in Iran’s market. The mean of soybean meal AMEn measured in the starter, grower and finisher periods was 1463, 1871 and 2025 kcal/Kg based on dry matter, respectively. Moreover, the difference between estimated value with NRC equation and biologically determined AMEn, in the starter, grower, finisher and whole periods was 34.2, 15.8, 8.9 and 19.7 percent, respectively. Finally, these equations based on coefficient of determination and standard error of prediction criteria are suggested for the starter: AMEn= 47.873×NFE, grower: AMEn= 60.203×NFE, finisher: AMEn= 65.612×NFE and the whole of periods: AMEn=57.923×NFE. As a result, it seems that the equations of current study with accurate AMEn estimation of soybean meals will cause optimum broiler performance.
Mohammad Reza Zobdeh; hossein Moravej; Mahmood Shivazad
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 191-202
Abstract
In order to determine the prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of Iranian wheat, this experiment was conducted at two different ages of broiler chicks in 2014. At first, chemical composition including dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude ...
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In order to determine the prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of Iranian wheat, this experiment was conducted at two different ages of broiler chicks in 2014. At first, chemical composition including dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract of 16 widely used Iranian wheat cultivars were measured in the laboratory. To measure AMEn content of these cultivars at 10 and 24 days, 6 and 4 mixed sex ROSS 308 broilers per each treatment were used respectively. At these ages, the samples from the excreta and the contents of ileum were collected. Afterwards multiple regression equations for predicting wheat AMEn content were determined by SPSS software and stepwise method. The results showed that the AMEn estimation equations were determined by sampling of excreta at two ages of 10 and 24 days, respectively, in the form of AMEn = 37.855 × NFE and AMEn = 43.494 × NFE and ileum content was determined as AMEn = 41.173 × NFE and AMEn = 42.224 × NFE, respectively. Thus, using theses equations is recommended at the time of diet formulation for grower and finisher phases of broiler chicken.
Hossein Moravej
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 455-466
Abstract
In order to determine the estimating equations of the apparent metabolisable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) in Iranian wheat cultivars and to compare these equations with the equation provided by NRC1994 as well as information of the NRC1994 table, two experiments were conducted. In the first ...
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In order to determine the estimating equations of the apparent metabolisable energy corrected for the nitrogen (AMEn) in Iranian wheat cultivars and to compare these equations with the equation provided by NRC1994 as well as information of the NRC1994 table, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the regression equations predicting AMEn for broiler chickens at age 10 and 24 days were evaluated by using twelve different Iranian wheat cultivars in two consecutive crop years and corresponding chemical composition and their AMEn. In order to verify the authenticity and accuracy the results of first experiment, a second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates and using 256 ten days-old chicks Ross308. Wheat AMEn in the second experiment was calculated using four methods: 1- NRC1994 Table 2- Regression equation provided by NRC1994 3- Biological methods in these study 4- Regression equations of the first trial. In the first experiment, regression equations used for predicting AMEn of wheat at 10 and 24 days of age were as follows: AMEn=37.289 NFE and AMEn=41.859 NFE. In the second experiment, the highest average live weight at 42 days belongs to the birds in fourth treatment (2542g) and lowest weight in first treatment (2266g). Traits related to performance in biological methods and equations obtained in the first experiment were better than the treatments derived from the regression equation by NRC and NRC tables (P<0.05). Our results suggest that applying the regression equations presented in the current study to estimate the AMEn of wheat is more accurate in formulating diet.
Rasoul Karimi; Malek Shakeri; Mahdi Zhandi; Hossien Moravej; Haniyeh Banikamal; Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh; Mahdi Khodaei-Motlagh
Volume 17, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 381-389
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the STO feeder layer on prepubertal Rhode Island Red rooster SSCs culture and proliferation in vitro. Testis cells from 30 prepubertal Rhode Island Red chicken (4-8 weeks of age), were individually separated and cultivated in the presence of ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the STO feeder layer on prepubertal Rhode Island Red rooster SSCs culture and proliferation in vitro. Testis cells from 30 prepubertal Rhode Island Red chicken (4-8 weeks of age), were individually separated and cultivated in the presence of bFGF and LIF growth factors on four well plates with two treatments and three replicats and five observations per each. SSCs colonies appeared on the 5th day of culture. The number of SSCs colonies, cells/colony and colony area was measured on days 7 and 10 for both treatments. The result of the colony assay on the 7th day revealed significantly higher colony numbers as well as higher cell number/colony and colony area on the STO surface compared to colonies grown on surfaces without a feeder layer (P≤0.05). In contrast, the results of the colony assay on day 10 had declined for both treatments, as compared to day 7. Also, the C-KIT gene was not expressed which is an indication that colonies might be composed of SSCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that the use of the STO feeder layer influences the SSCs proliferation and maintenance of the prepubertal roosters in short-term culture.
Hanieh Sadat Banikamal; Mahdi Zhandi; Malak Shakeri; Hossein Moravej
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 29-37
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of soybean lecithin on performance and blood lipids of broiler chicks. A total of 180 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with nine treatments (diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of soybean lecithin on performance and blood lipids of broiler chicks. A total of 180 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with nine treatments (diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 percent of soybean lecithin) and four replicates for 47 days-rearing period. In order to evaluate the biochemical factors of blood including cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein, blood sampling from chickens were taken in day 41. The traits of weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were evaluated at the end of each period. The results showed that different levels of soybean lecithin had no significant effect on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio traits during each period. Increasing in the level of lecithin, decreased the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein and increased the high density lipoprotein concentration in blood plasma (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion lecithin up to 1.6 percent, have no any effect on broiler performance, but could reduce cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein and increase high density lipoprotein in blood’s plasma.